The following is a small passage from my book "Essentials of World History". The passage very briefly narrates how Canda broke away from the British rule and became a nation.

The emergence of a Canadian nation

On the other side of the Atlantic, the United States had already become independent in the early 1780s. Its northern neighbor, Canada, remained colonies of the British for about one hundred more years.

Originally, Canada was colony of both Britain and France. After the Seven Years War that ended in 1763, Canada—or New France, as it was then called—was given to the British under the Paris Treaty. When the American War of Independence broke out, Canadians refused to answer the American call for help and decided to stay loyal to the British crown. Large numbers of British loyalists fled into Canada from America. By 1800, however, most Canadians favored autonomy. Upper Canada (now Ontario) was predominantly English-speaking, while Lower Canada (now Quebec) was dominated by French Canadians. In 1840, the British Parliament passed a decree, formally joining Upper and Lower Canada into the United Provinces of Canada. But the decree did not grant self-government. Then in 1867, Parliament passed the British North American Act, which established a Canadian nation—the Dominion of Canada—with its own constitution. At this time, Canada had only four provinces: Quebec, Ontario, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick.

In 1871, two more provinces joined: Manitoba and British Columbia. The Dominion of Canada now extended from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific. Nowadays, Canada (without the word dominion), is made up of ten provinces and three territories. It is a parliamentary democracy, with the head of government chosen from parliament. The head of state is the British Crown. Like the U.S., it is a federation, where governmental powers are divided between the central or federal government and provincial and territorial governments.